Definition of Psychology - 1625 Words

When asked to define psychology there so many thoughts that runs through my mind. Psychology is the scientific study of ones thoughts and behavior. People think psychologically every day for example when you try to explain what someone else is doing to another person. There are many fields of study that try to understand how people think and the actions they take. Psychology is used for many different reasons not only do they study the human behavior they also help mental patients and try to figure them out and a problem that they have. Learning the scientific perspective on human behavior can help you develop a curiosity for how the human behavior works (Feist 2013). When studying psychology it not only makes you more aware of how people†¦show more content†¦A personal example of social psychology in my life is how my younger brother is the only male in our family besides our dad and growing up with three sisters that kind of took a toll on him in finding himself and not fo llowing what we did as children. Of course while he was watching us he just assumed that he could do whatever we did once my parents explained to him that we were different he started hanging out with my father more and our other male cousins when they came down. There are many ways to define what personality means; one-way to define personality is how one person sees themselves and others. Developing your own personality derives from the different characteristics, patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that make a person unique (Cherry 2012). There are many theories that evolve around developing your own personality. There are several components that make up your personality consistency, psychological and packs, your actions and behaviors, and multiple expressions (Cherry 2012). Consistency is when a person acts in the same manner on a consistent basis every day. Your need to be influenced by biological processes is an example of psychological impact. How you respond and act in certain ways can impact your personality, which is an example of behavior and actions. Furthermore multiple expressions mean that your personality can be seen in multiple ways such as thoughts,Show MoreRelatedDefinition of Social Psychology1886 Words   |  8 PagesPsychology is a social science study that covers diverse subject topics and carries out different forms of research in order to understand the development and function of human beings. A scientific study focuses on peoples mind and its functions especially those affecting behavior in a particular context. Psychology is divided into different branches, and each branch addresses its own form of content in relation to mental processes and behavior. Social psychology is one of the psychology branchesRead MoreEssay about Definition of Psychology714 Words   |  3 PagesDefinition of Psychology The term psychology comes from two Greek words: psyche, which means 1. The spirit or soul. 2. The human mind. 3. In psychoanalysis, the mind functioning as the center of thought, emotion, and behavior. And logos, the study of. or according to modern researches science These root words were first combined in the 16th century, at a time when the human soul, spirit, or mind was seen as distinct from the body. Definition ofRead MoreSocial Psychology Definition Paper1122 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Psychology Definition Paper Sinthia Brye PSY/ 400 August 30, 2010 Joyce Willis Social Psychology Introduction Social psychology it observes as the influence of our situations with special attention on how we view and affect one another. Social psychology perceives the way we think, influence people, and relates to others. Social psychology lies at psychology’s boundary with sociology, which sociology is the study of people in groups and societies? Social psychology is allRead MoreCognitive Psychology Definition Paper1387 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Psychology Definition Paper Randy Strickland University of Phoenix PSY/360 Dione Johnson July 111, 2011 Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Introduction Cognition is the â€Å"science† term for the process of thought.† Its usage varies in different ways in accordance with different disciplines: For example, in psychology and cognitive science, it refers to an information processing view of an individuals psychological makeup. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitiveRead MoreDefinition and History of Industrial Psychology2947 Words   |  12 PagesGENERAL HISTORY OF INDUSTRAL PSYCHOLOGY Industrial psychology is a relatively recent subfield of psychology. In fact it did not become fully productive until about the late 1920s. The industrial side of industrial psychology has its historical origins in research on individual differences, assessment, and the prediction of performance. This branch of the field crystallized during World War I, in response to the need to rapidly assign new troops to duty stations. After the War the growing industrialRead MoreEmergence of Psychology Through Aristotles Definition and Theories on the Psychà ª956 Words   |  4 Pagescivilization for decades. According to Hergenhahn (2009) the philosophers De Anima plays a major part of psychology because it is considered to be the first text on the history of psychology. It is within that book, Aristotle seek to define the mind and the soul: psychà ª. He later based his theories involving psychology based on his definition of psychà ª. In order to develop his own definition of the mind and the soul, Aristotle brought forth the idea of empirical studies of behavior as evidence uponRead MoreMindfulness Is Still Practiced And Its One Of The Many Elements Of Buddhism906 Words   |  4 Pagesterm Sati. Pali is believed to be the language that the original teachings of Buddha were first recorded. Sati connotes awareness, attention, and remembering (Pollack, Pedulla, Siegel, 2014). While the definitions of awareness and attention are similar to that of the English language, the definition of remembering is slightly different. In Sati, remembering is more than recalling memories or events good or bad its means to remember, to continuously be aware, and pay attention. More specifically, toRead MoreTeaching Research Methods Within The Classroom1288 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Psychology undergraduates are required to study research methods within their course. Psychology undergraduates are required to study research methods within their course. Within this are many different statistical definitions which have been considered the most challenging aspect of the curriculum. An individual undergraduate psychology student took part in this study. The study aimed to increase the accuracy and fluency of the recall of these definitions by applying an interventionRead MoreHealth As Being Mentally And Physically Content With One s Self1385 Words   |  6 PagesThere are those who want to become a doctor to keep others healthy and those who want to become a counsellor to also, keep others healthy. This shows that trying to simplify the term ‘health’ into one universal definition could be a difficult task. Physical health that can be tested through x-rays and blood tests, issues such as mental and social health however cannot be tested. A person who is suffering from depression and a person who has a fever should hold the same level of importance to a doctorRead MorePsychological Progression Through Definition And Perception877 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world of psychology, scientists have discovered and developed a plethora of concepts, approache s, ideas, and principles that have now become relevant to our growth. Within this context, the analysis will center on the progressive history of psychology, including some of psychology’s primary contributors and their concepts. Furthermore, the major psychological approaches, and how they pertain to, and influence, society as we view it today. A Psychological Progression through Definition and Perception

Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights An Important Literary...

â€Å"The difficulty of literature is not to write, but to write what you mean; not to affect your reader, but to affect him precisely as you wish,† said Robert Louis Stevenson, author of Treasure Island. Any person can write a book, but to be able to write what you mean and affect your readers is very difficult. A writer simply can’t just drop dialogue into a character’s mouth without having any context of the dialogue. If an author has his or her character saying â€Å"I’m broke,† what does this really mean without any context? To Oprah Winfrey, being broke may mean she can’t buy a Silk Jet, a winery, or a country. To a middle- class American, being broke may mean they can’t buy a new pair of shoes that week, buy a new car, or get their hair†¦show more content†¦While at Thrushcross Grange, she grows infatuated with Edgar, despite her love for Heathcliff. Edgar came from an upper class family as well and took care of h er when she was in a dog accident. This leads to her acceptance of Edgar Linton’s marriage proposal despite her statements regarding her love for Heathcliff. Heathcliff overhears unfortunate passages of Catherines discourse and disappears for a period during which he mysteriously makes his fortune and changes irrevocably from the person he was. Vengeance consumes him, and Heathcliff attempts to destroy the lives of those who wronged him, (as well as their children). Ultimately, Heathcliff’s bitterly executed vengeance is effaced by a love between Hareton and Cathy that mirrors Heathcliff’s own love for Catherine. Hareton is Catherine’s nephew and Cathy is Catherine’s daughter, which makes the two first cousins. In addition, to better understand the book, you first have to get an overview of the author. Emily Bronte was born on July 30, 1818, in Thornton, Yorkshire, in the north of England, the third child of the Reverend Patrick Bronte and Mar ia Branwell Bronte. Emily and her sisters—entertained themselves by reading Shakespeare, Milton, Virgil and the Bible. As well as playing on the Yorkshire moors were they dreamed up fanciful, fabled worlds, creating a constant stream of tales, such as the Young Men plays (1826) and Our FellowsShow MoreRelatedEmily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Personal Influence on Wuthering Heights1820 Words   |  8 Pagestheir works. This is the case in Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà «. Although the novel is in itself fictional, Brontà « invites readers into her private life by the way in which she writes her novel. Literary elements are often taken into consideration when determining the value of a literary work. However, they offer more than just layers of complexity to a work. Brontà « uses countless metaphors to portray relevance to her own life. The ongoing comparison between the characters in Wuthering HeightsRead MoreEmily Brontes Wuthering Heights: Mental Illness and Feminism1663 Wor ds   |  7 Pageslevel. It is important to search for more than what is seen in a literary work. Wuthering Heights is a great example of a book with its own hidden secrets that can surface with a little research. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights depicts the oppression of women from mentally unstable individuals. Overview of Author Emily Bronte was born in Yorkshire, England on July 30, 1818 (â€Å"Emily Jane Bronte 1), to a family dedicated to literature (â€Å"Emily Jane Bronte† 2). Education was also important to the BronteRead MoreWuthering Heights, by Emily Brontà «1865 Words   |  8 Pagesdevilish, preternatural passion that tamer beings can scarcely recognize as love.† (Duclaux) Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « is considered a masterpiece today, however when it was first published, it received negative criticism for its passionate nature. Critics have studied the novel from every analytical angle, yet it remains one of the most haunting love stories of all time. â€Å"Wuthering Heights is not a comfortable book; it invites admiration rather than love,† (Stoneman 1). The novel containsRead MoreEmily Bronte s Hamlet And Wuthering Heights 1307 Words   |  6 PagesRevenge in Hamlet and Wuthering Heights Abstract This concise paper is an analogical study. It consists of three parts; the first one defines the word revenge and explains where the theme of revenge comes from and how it has expended to other types of literary works until these days. The second part of the study, is supported by exemplifies Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet. The last part of the paper, provides Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s novel, Wuthering Heights as a good example; because one of the main themesRead MoreThe Lives of Emily and Charlotte Brontà «2000 Words   |  8 PagesEmily and Charlotte Brontà « retained exceptional novels throughout history. Their stories captivate the minds of readers alike, taking them to a world of dark, eerie hatred, and overcoming the obstacle faced with love and devotion. However, both sisters have diverse styles of writing. Charlotte Brontà « tends to use more humor through her works, while Emily Brontà « uses more satire along with a sardonic tone. T hey both come together to have somewhat similar themes, making the moral of the story mentallyRead MoreThe Importance of the Setting in Wuthering Heights Essay1613 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of the Setting in Wuthering Heights There are numerous approaches to analyzing and understanding a novel, with the setting being one of utmost importance. It is one of the first aspects noted by readers because it can potentially increase their identification of specific motifs, and subsequently themes, through repetitively emphasizing the natural setting that penetrates conversations, incidences, thoughts, and behaviors. The author typically creates a setting that facilitatesRead More Comparing Brontes Wuthering Heights and Dickens Coketown1228 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Brontes Wuthering Heights and Dickens Coketown      Ã‚   Throughout British Literature, compositions created by honored literary artists reflect current dominant lifestyles. The differences in prevailing environments are visible when comparing Emily Brontes Withering Heights and Charles Dickens Coketown. Bronte reveals the wild unbinding freedom available though country living predominate in the late 17th and early 18th century, whereas Dickens explains the disheartening effects of industrializationRead MoreEssay on Early Criticisms Of Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte2511 Words   |  11 PagesWuthering Heights was first published in 1847 with the author’s name given as Ellis Bell. Wuthering Heights was actually written by Emily Bronte, but she adopted a male alias as female authors rarely got published. Her work was praised for the imagination used, but criticised for its moral ambiguity. Wuthering Heights challenged Victorian ideals and this shocked its first critics. The fact that Emily Bronte felt the need to use a male alias is an indication of how she feared the public wouldRead MoreWuthering Heights ch 1-3 analysis1105 Words   |  5 Pages In Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte, what first appears to be an overabundance of descriptions about a mansion in nineteenth century England easily turns into a myriad of sentiment, hatred, and love among the protagonists. The work can be classified as an unprecedented satire, using indirect actions of its characters to convey a forthright message regarding human misdeeds. The first few pages of the book presents two main characters, Mr. Heathcliff and Mr. Lockwood, where both serve an importantRead More Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout the novel Wuthering Heights, Emily Brontà « effectively utilizes weather and setting as methods of conveying insight to the reader of the personal feeling of the characters. While staying at Thrushcross Grange, Mr. Lockwood made a visit to meet Mr. Heathcliff for a second time, and the horrible snow storm that he encounters is the first piece of evidence that he should have perceived about Heathcliffs personality. The setting of the moors is one that makes them a very special place for

Potential Implications for Exchange Rate †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Potential Implications for Exchange Rate. Answer: Introduction: The years of overheating would have a economic growth in excess of 3.2%, employment rate not above 5% along with inflation rate potentially above 2.5% (Abel et. al., 2011). Thus, overheating is observed in two broad period. One of the block consisting of three years namely Year 1,23 while the other block consists of two years namely Year 8 9. Role of fiscal policy Fiscal policy plays a critical role in the dampening of the aggregate demand which is critical for managing overheating of the economy. It typically happens when the supply is not able to keep up with the increase in demand thus leading to higher inflation and job creation but despite that a shortage continues to persist (Krugman Wells, 2012). Such a situation, if not checked could lead to the inflation rate spiraling out with potential implications for the foreign exchange rate along with the prevalent interest rate in the market (Mankiw, 2012). In the given case, to curtail aggregate demand, the government would need to act on multiple fronts. Firstly, it needs to decrease the disposable income available with the people which could be achieved through raising of taxes (both direct and indirect). Besides, as raising the interest rate is within the realm of monetary policy, the fiscal policy would instead ensure that there the there are restrictions on loans specially given to sectors and sections of the society that tend to enhance the inflation further (Dombusch, Fischer Startz, 2012). Additionally, the government also needs to cut down its own expenditure as the higher the government expenditure, higher would be money available with the money and thus higher would be the aggregate demand (Beck et. al., 2011). However, if the government curtails the spending or makes it more targeted, then the disposable income with the people will also witness a gradual decline which would lead moderate the demand by causing a leftward sh ift as indicated below (Koutsoyiannis, 2013). In the above figure, it is apparent that dampening the aggregate demand leads to lower inflation and lower GDP growth rate. However, this growth rate is more sustainable as the economy can growth without experiencing overheating (Krugman Wells, 2012). Also, it is imperative to note that in the process, an enabling role also would need to be played by the tight monetary policy which would tend to increase the interest rate thereby providing incentive to the people to save and disincentive to not borrow (Mankiw, 2012). References Abel, B.A., Bernanke, B., Croushore, D.D., Kneebone, D.R., (2011). Macroeconomics (6thed.). Canada: Pearson Education. Dombusch, R., Fischer, S. Startz, R.(2012).Macroeconomics (10thed.). New York: McGraw Hill Publications. Koutsoyiannis, A.(2013). Modern Macroeconomics(4th ed.). London: Palgrave McMillan. Krugman, P. Wells, R.(2012).Macroeconomics (3rd ed.). London: Worth Publishers. Mankiw, G.(2012). Principles of Macroeconomics (6th ed.). London: Cengage Learning.

The Lottery and the Ones Who Walked Away from Omelas free essay sample

The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it as your fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion, for certainly I cannot suit you all. This is an open invitation for you, the reader, in the short story The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas. Ursula K. Le Guin is simply inviting you to become her main character. How might you accept or deny this malicious request? It is quite simple, really. To accept it is to read on, and to deny it is to disembark in the endeavor. The city of joy, your own Omelas, is developing continuously in your head. How sweet it is.The image of the bay surrounded by the mountains with Ursulas white-gold fire enchanting the air. Oh, and one cannot forget the tantalizing orgy custom fit to your most personal delights. Can you even begin to imagine the mere possibility of an association between religion and sexual pleasure without the possible deviance of human authority? It all seems nearly ovenvhelming. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lottery and the Ones Who Walked Away from Omelas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The fascination continues with every moment of lustful anticipation. One cannot deny their own perversion long enough to stop engaging in a plot that might encourage it. But there is a catch of course, for there is always a catch.This particular one is quite deviant really, for this city is a complete deception. It is a place of lamentation and punishment. It is a prison that simply provokes the archaic smiles described within the sentences. How best can one describe the goal of such a story? I believe I shall attempt to do so by describing the main character, you of course! You are presented with three stages and then you are given three questions. In the end, it will be your duty to determine the final event. Create-a-meal, no my friend, instead you are given the tools to create-a-setting.You are presented with brilliant horses and jubilant music, bright colors and beautiful scenery, a blissful introduction, indeed. Shockingly enough, in the second paragraph it is quickly taken away from you. A dagger penetrates your balloon image. You are told that the smiles and happiness of the city are not genuine. Ursula K. Le Guin states it painlessly by writing, All smiles have become archaic. Given a description such as this one tends to look next for the king, mounted on a splendid stallion and surrounded by his noble knights. but there is no king. Ironically the serene description continues. You complete the image of your joyful city. You are then given the first of three questions. This question is quickly answered for you. You are told that you do not truly believe in this city. At least you are told that you do not believe in it just yet. The second part of the story involves a fantastic circumstance. You are forced fed the image of a starving, suffering, and begging child. You are told that this child is kept in a small room filled with its own excretions. You are told that the entire city knows of the child and does nothing to help it. As your stomach fills with butterflies and your head fills with images of your brother or of your sister, or maybe your niece or nephew, festered and scared, your mind contemplates any possible reason for the inhumane behavior of these people. You are then told that the childs misery insures the happiness and prosperity of the entire city. Here you are presented with the antagonist of the story. Suddenly you realize that the antagonist is you. This is presented to you through the main conflict in the story. The conflict, is man verses himself or in this case you verse yourself.Finally you arrive at the closing of the story. You are given a way out of the prison of Omelas. You are told that there are those who see the child and chose to walk away from Omelas. They chose to walk away from everything within it. You are not promised happiness or freedom. In fact you are told that you must walk away alone into the darkness. You are only presented with one grain of hope. You are told that the ones who do walk away from Omelas look as if they know right where they are going. The story does not end there. Of course not, you must write your own ending.Do you stay in the city of joy or do you accept the challenge of human dignity and walk away? Will you throw away the happiness of thousands for the chance of the happiness of one? That is the main intent of this work. Ursula K. Le Guin is simply throwing her question on to you. The Lottery Symbolism In Shirley Jacksons short story The Lottery symbols are used to enhance and stress the theme of the story. A symbol is a person, object, action, place, or event that in addition to its literal meaning, suggests a more complex meaning or range of meanings. Kirszner Mendell 330) The theme of the story is how coldness and lack of compassion can be exhibited in people in situations regarding tradition and values. That people will do incredibly evil and cruel things just for the sake of keeping a routine. Three of the main symbols that Shirley uses in the story is the setting, black box, and the actual characters names. They all tie together to form an intriguing story that clearly shows the terrible potential if society forgets the basis of tradition. The story also shows many similarities between the culture of the village, and the culture of Nazi Germany.How blind obedience to superiors can cause considerable damage to not only a community, but the entire world. Symbolism plays a large role in The Lottery to set the theme of the story and make the reader question traditions. One of the main symbols of the story is the setting. It takes place in a normal small town on a nice summer day. The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full summer day; the flowers were blooming profusely and the grass was richly green. (Jackson 347). This tricks the reader into a disturbingly unaware state, and to believe the lottery is something wonderful like it is today.The small town atmosphere and beautiful summer day symbolize the idealistic picture most Americans have of what is right and good about this country. This is reinforced by the fact that the lottery is held in the same place as many of the towns celebrations such as the square-dances, teenage club, and the Halloween program, and clearly shows how easy it is for people to clear their conscience of such horrible actions by being able to have such joyous occasions in the same place. The attitude and actions of the characters slightly allude to the reader that something is amiss, but causes little cause for concern or suspicion.The children were playing and building rock piles. The men were talking about rain, taxes, and tractors while the women gossiped. But there was little laughter between the adults, and they stayed completely away from the rock piles. The setting of the town and the actions of the characters symbolize what many believe to be right in America. The second main symbol in The Lottery is the black box. The black box is where the townspeople drew strips of paper from to determine who is the winner. It was very old and even older than the oldest member of the town.Summers, Graves, Old Man Warner, Delacroix and Hutchinson are excellent examples. Old Man Warner is probably the most obviously symbolic character of the story. Every word that leaves Old Man Warners Mouth reeks of tradition. He never stops criticizing new ideas about the lottery, the way it is run, or complaining about how things have changed for the worst. When Mr. Adams comments on how a village up north had was talking of giving up the lottery Old Man Warner replied: Pack of Crazy Fools? Listening to the young folks, nothings good enough for them. Next thing you know, theyll be wanting to go back to live in caves, nobody work anymore, live that way for a while. (Jackson 350) He is clinging to tradition, even some that are no longer observed, and totally unwilling to let go of the ones that are still practiced, in spite of how ludicrous they might be. It has always been done that way before so why change things now? He is the ideal symbol of everything that is wrong with tradition. Mr. Summers and Mr. Graves both symbolize authority and how it can be used to coerce the masses. While neither Mr. Graves nor Mr.Summers are tyrannical, awe inspiring, or otherwise persuasive leaders, the townspeople follow them. Mr. Summers name symbolizes life but in reality it is he who is in charge of the lottery which instead of giving life to its winner it gives death. Graves is the man who carries in the black box and the three-legged stool. It is also from Mr. Graves whom the citizens get the papers from, therefore it is almost like he is the one who has the most influence over whose grave it will be next. The Hutchinson Family is both symbolic of internal faults that all humans have, such as cowardice and indifference.Bill Hutchinson is apparently so scared of saying no to authority that he will not take the necessary steps to protect his family. Mrs. Hutchinson is a perfect example of how evil exists in everyone and when pushed it can take a mother to risk her own childs safety. Since she was willing to demand that her married daughter take part in the drawing just to improve her own chances of survival. Mrs. Delacroixs name means of the cross in Latin, and even though she is a friend of Mrs. Hutchinson she picks up the largest rock and encourages the other people to commence the stoning. The names of all the prominent characters in The Lottery support the idea that everybody hides their evil nature by way of hypocrisy, and their actions symbolize various forms of negativity. The Lottery was first released in 1948 to a post-world war II audience that was appalled by Nazi Germanys treatment lesser people. Readers were horrified that something so similar to a mini holocaust could happen in their own country. There were many Americans who, after the end of World War II and the revelations of the early Nuremberg trials in 1945 and 1946, smugly asserted that such atrocities could happen in Nazi Germany but not in the United States.After all, singling out one person, one religion, one race for pejorative treatmentthese things just could not happen here. (Yarmove) Both these problems were caused by the blind following of people by those they feel are superior. They do no ask themselves Why am I doing this? or object to what they are told to do. They simply fall in with the majority and do not do what they believe is right. The cultures of the community in The Lottery and Nazi Germany have more in common than most people would like to believe.In Shirley Jacksons short story The Lottery she masterfully uses symbolism to convey a meaning that is not only shocking, but disturbing. She demonstrates the problems of following traditions that have become outdated and pointless. And she exposes many of the flaws of human nature. The symbolism of â€Å"The Lottery† runs deeper than the character Tessie Hutchinson. Jackson, in her short story, deliberately sequenced events so they would symbolically send a message to the reader. As a result, Tessie is forced to bear the brunt of the symbolism for unexamined and unchanging traditions throughout time.One possibility is that the people of this village of this village are looking for a scapegoat. A person to take the blame for mistakes and sins of others, so one person dies for a community and saves the community from whatever sins that had been committed The differences between The Lottery by Shirley Jackson and The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas by Ursula K. Le Guin seem relatively minor when compared to the striking similarities they contain in setting, symbols, and theme. Each of the stories begin with a description of a beautiful summer day. The flowers were blooming profusely and the grass was richly green(para 1) in The Lottery is quite comparable to old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees(para 1) in . .. Omelas.    These descriptions (along with several others) provide positive connotations and allow the reader to relax into what seems to be a comfortable setting in either story. Both stories also contain a gathering of townspeople. In .. . Omelas there is music, dance, and special attire incorporated in the gathering, whereas in The Lottery, the women show up wearing faded house dresses and sweaters.    Although Le Guins envir

Teen Pregnancy (2423 words) Essay Example For Students

Teen Pregnancy (2423 words) Essay Teen PregnancyTeen PregnancyThesis statement:Teenage pregnancy is a major concern in todays society; there are many ways to prevent teen pregnancy, many people to get advice from, and many decisions that a teen parent must make. Outline:I. IntroductionII. Teenage PregnancyA. Concerns about Teenage PregnancyB. What helps prevent Teen PregnancyC. Source of Advice and SupportIII. Stages of PregnancyA. First TrimesterB. Second TrimesterC. Third TrimesterIV. Challenges of Teenage ParenthoodA. Parenthood OptionsB. Continuing EducationC. Financial ProblemsV. ConclusionTeenage pregnancy is a major concern in todays society; there are many ways to prevent teenage pregnancy, many people to get advice from, and many decisions a teenage parent must make. The statistics tell that the U.S. has the highest rate of teen pregnancy and births. We will write a custom essay on Teen Pregnancy (2423 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now More than 4 out of ten young women become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of 20-nearly one billion a year(Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Teenage pregnancy has declined slowly but steadily. These recent declines reverse the 24-percent rise in the teenage birth rate from 1986 to 1991 (Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Usually only one-third of teenage mothers receive a high school diploma. The rest of the mothers usually end up on welfare. A majority of both boys and girls who are sexually active wish they had waited. Eight in ten girls and six in ten boys say they wish they had waited (Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Many people are concerned about the problems teenage parents and their children face. The health risks for a teenage girl who becomes pregnant increase sharply. One of the concerns of teenage mothers is the health risk. Usually young women have more complications in pregnancy than older women. The most hazardous complication is low birth weight. One out of seven babies born to teenage mothers have a low birth weight (Hildebrand 88). Poor eating habits, smoking, or using alcohol or drugs, cause low birth weight. Premature babies and babies with low birth weights often have organs that havent fully developed, such as lungs, heart and brain. These babies get sick easier than normal weight babies. As a result from what was motioned above, teenage mothers are considered to be in the high-risk health category. They need good prenatal care as soon as they find out they are pregnant. A doctor, nurse, or other medical practitioner gives most of the information about nutrition. Prenatal care can help prevent pregnancy complications and improve ones chances of having a healthy baby. The best way to prevent teenage pregnancy, which is 100% effective, is abstinence. Most teenagers have a whole life ahead of them and having a child will cause a lot of complications in your goals. Its no t impossible for teenage mothers to complete high school, or try to reach their goals in life, but having a child could very well interfere with these goals. Another way of protection is condoms. There are a lot of protections out there, but these protections are not 100-percent reliable. There are a lot of places and people to go to for support and advice. In addition there are many organizations and hotlines a teenage mother can contact for advice and assistance. Parents and family are one alternative. There are a lot of teenagers that are afraid of their parents reactions. However, most parents are calmer and more supportive than teenagers expect. Most parents are shocked when the teenager comes and tells them that they are pregnant. Just give the parents time and they will try to give their teenager the best advice that they know. The school nurse or counselor is another place to get advice. The counselor usually can gather up pamphlets and brochures about pregnancy. The counsel or can also help the teenager remain in school. They are very supportive and understanding. Doctors and clinics are very important for a teenage parent to go to. There are a lot of home pregnancy tests available, but the doctor is a lot more reliable and gives a more accurate answer. Family planning counselors are also very professional people who can explain various options and discuss the community resources available to teenagers. They also help arrange for financial assistance and recommend support groups. Since teenagers need a lot of prenatal care, the counselor also offers advice on prenatal care, nutrition information, childbirth classes, and parenting skills. These mentioned are just a few place or people you can go to for advice. Dont ever think that there isnt anyone out there to ask for advice. Teenager mothers would feel a lot more comfortable knowing what was going on with their bodies and how the baby is developing. The next part of this paper is going to explain the first through the third trimester of pregnancy. .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a , .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .postImageUrl , .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a , .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a:hover , .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a:visited , .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a:active { border:0!important; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a:active , .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alcohol abuse EssayThe average biological length of human gestation, from conception to delivery, is 266 days. Due to the difficulty in assessing the exact date of conception, however, the clinical length of pregnancy is considered to be 280 days or 40 weeks, calculated from the last normal menstrual period before the cessation of menses, or menstrual flow. This calculation assumes that ovulation occurs 14 days after the last menstrual period. Human gestation is further divided into trimesters, each of which lasts slightly more than 13 weeks (Pregnancy and birth 1). In the first trimester the mother experiences nausea and vomiting, morning sickness, in the first 8 weeks. Breast soreness or tingling often occurs due to hormonal stimulation. Fatigue is also a common complaint. The baby is developing organs in the first trimester. The fetus heart begins to beat after 4 weeks. By 8 weeks, the eyes, ears, nose, mouth, fingers, and toes are easily recognizable, and male and female reproductive systems have diffentiated. By 12 weeks all of the organs have developed. During these first weeks, the mother should be very careful because the fetus is most vulnerable to potential teratogenic, birth-defect inducing drugs, radiation, and viruses. All of those factors are very dangerous to the fetus. During the second trimester the mother has increasing abdominal girth and pressure from the growing uterus. Braxton-Hicks contractions may occur. The mother may experience lightheadedness and may even faint due to the effects of the hormones on the blood vessels and the amount of blood diverted to the uterus, placenta, and fetus. There are many discomforts associated with pregnancy, most complained about is heartburn. Despite this discomfort, women are generally more comfor table during the second trimester than the first. During the second trimester the babys thin-walled skin develops, organs begin to function, and blood begins to be formed in the bone marrow. Scalp hair appears, fat increases, and bones begin to harden. About 20 weeks along, the mother can feel the precise movements of the baby. In the third trimester, the last weeks of pregnancy become increasingly uncomfortable. Headaches, shortness of breath, and swelling of legs are the common complaints. False labor pains, or contractions of the uterus that do not lead to progressive dilation, or opening of the cervix, can be particularly uncomfortable. The baby gains weight in the third trimester. Ear lobes begin to develop cartilage, testes begin to descend into the scrotum, nails begin to grow over the tips of the fingers, and creases develop over the soles of the feet. Also, the fetus begins to demonstrate coordinated patterns of behavior that are similar to the cycles of activity and sleep of a newborn. The things mentioned are just an overall view of the trimesters. A womans body undergoes a variety of changes to prepare for the growth, nourishment, and birth of a child. The teenage parent has a lot of challenges that must be overcame and decided, such as parenthood options, continuing education, and financial problems. These mentioned are just a few of the challenges a teenager faces. There are three options parents must decide if they become pregnant. The parents can marry and raise the child together. The mother or father can raise the child as a single parent. The parents can put the baby up for adoption. These are three options that are going to be very hard to decide. Whatever the teenager decides will have a consequence on the baby and the parents. When teenagers become pregnant, the first thing they want to do is rush into marriage. The parents may have talked about marriage but this would be the real thing. Only one-third of the teenagers who become pregnant before the age of 18 are married (Gutman 25). Babies need a lot of attention. They need to be fed, burped, diaper changes, bathe and cuddled. Having someone around to help with these tasks can be very helpful and rewarding for parents and the baby. Most teenage marriages dont last long. The teenagers may think they will have more freedom when they are married. Wrong, you will not have as much freedom. Teenagers are taking on a big responsibility when they marry. Think about it before you rush into marriage. When teenagers marry, they have to make decisions about where to live and how to pay the bills. These are just things you have to decide on. Trying to adjust to parenthood and having a marriage partner will be challenging and overwhelming. As a result, four out of five teenage couples divorce within six years (Hildebrand 94). The marriages that are successful receive support from friends and family. Another option would be singe parenthood. Single parenthood is either the mother or father deciding to raise the child alone. Usually when this happens, the mother is the one to keep the child. Both mother and child usually live with the mothers parents. Money concern plays a major role in teenage marriage, but is a greater problem for single parents. Being a single parent, trying to work, finish school, you must arrange for childcare services. Childcare services can be very expensive for a single parent. Usually if a single parent is balancing school, work, and taking care of a child, the teenager have a lot of support from parents, friends, and relatives. Parents can be big support for a teenage parent. The last option is adoption. To make this decision, the parents would have thought long and hard about the babys needs and their future. Adoption is not bad it may be best for the child if the couple isnt able to provide everything that a baby needs. If the parents werent able to gi ve the baby the good start in life it needs, adoption would be the best option. .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f , .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .postImageUrl , .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f , .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f:hover , .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f:visited , .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f:active { border:0!important; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f:active , .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: PLate Tetonics EssayAdoptions can be arranged by local, state, religious, and even private agencies. These agencies have a list of couples that wants kids but are unable to have them. The couples background is checked to be certain that they would be the best parents for the baby. Teenage parents who put their child up for adoption can be assured that the child will be taken care of. If the parents decide to give the baby up for adoption before its born, it can be arranged before birth. Adoption laws vary from state to state. An open adoption can be made. This adoption allows the birth and adoptive parents to share information about themselves and the child. The birth moth er usually meets the adoptive parents during the pregnancy or after the birth. The adoptive parents send photographs and letters letting the birth mother know how the child is doing. This is an advantage for the birth mother. The birth parents will know a little about his/her biological background. The adoptive parents can answer most of any questions the child asks about the birth parents. Continuing education is also a major decision when you become a teenage parent. Pregnant teenagers have the right to finish their education. It may be hard, but it is not impossible. In some schools they stay in their regular classes, but in others they are placed in special classes for pregnant teenagers. These classes can be helpful because they help parents learn about pregnancy, prenatal care, and parenting skills. Some schools even have childcare. This would help out a lot of teenage parents trying to finish their education. It is important for teenage parents to complete high school. A lot of jobs require high school diplomas. How can teenagers support their baby with no job?The statistics show that teenagers who dropout usually qualify for the lowest-paying jobs in the community, if even that. That is why having an education will help out a teenage mother or father. Having a high school diploma enables them to have more career choices. The most important challenge of a teenage parent is financial problems. Teenagers face more financial problems than older parents. Even if both parents work, they lack the education or skills needed to obtain a job that can support a family. This is why many teen mothers rely on welfare. Some 63% of teen parents depended on public programs for medical needs and daily living expense in 1992 (Programs that Work Now 1). Aid to families with Dependent Children (AFDC) provides financial support to eligible parents and children. Government assistance is minimal, however, and not always available. This probably wont change in the future becau se of the tax burden of these programs. Because of these programs, it helps prevent teenage mothers living in poverty. Before you become sexually active think of the consequences you face. Teen pregnancy isnt just it, there are many problems such as STDs, AIDS, and HIV. These are all associated with sex. If you are sexually active get on some kind of birth control and always use a condom. Think about the consequences you as a teenager would have to face if you risk getting pregnant. Think about the consequences it would put a baby through. Its tough to be a teenage parent and people will have to sacrifice a lot of things that they used to do now that theres a baby with you. Just remember, dont start having sex just because everybody else is or because someones pressuring you into it. Think about everything, including your future, school, friends, freedom, and your life. WORK CITEDGutman-Bowe, Sonia. Teen Pregnancy. Minneapolis: 1987. Hildebrand, Verna. Parenting: Rewards and Responsibilities. New York: 1988Pregnancy and birth. Grolier, INC. 1996 ed. Programs that work now. AFDC. 1995 online. Internet. 18 November 1999. Available http://www.intac.com/~jdeck/tahra/programstext.html. Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats. NCPTP. 1999. Online. Internet. 11 November 1999. Available http://www.teenpregnancy.org/factstats.html. Social Issues Essays

Songhai Empire Essay Example

Songhai Empire Essay Example Songhai Empire Paper Songhai Empire Paper Beffa 4 The Songhai Empire Alex Beffa Global History April 9, 2012 Beffa 3 The Songhai, also known as the Songhay, was not only the last, but also the largest and greatest empire of western Africa between 1000 and 1600 ce. i The previous empire was the Mali empire. Songhai was just a client state at the port of Gao, which was a major trading port for trans-Saharan trade especially since it is located on the Niger river. When the Mali empire started to decline in the 14 th century, the Songhai king declared independence. i The Songhai empire was the most thriving west African empire for many reasons but major ones are: the kings Sunni Ali and Muhammad Ture as well as the conquering of the city of Timbuktu. Sunni Ali became ruler in 1464. He did not waste any time waiting to begin expanding. Shortly after coming to power, he went to conquer the great trading port of Timbuktu from the Tuareg raiders. After Timbuktu was his, Sunni Alis armies went south to the port of Jenne. In 1480, he attacked the Mossi states south of the Niger river. He had a strong military background which helped him become one of the best conquerers and leaders in African empire history until this point. His best asset was his naval skills which is mostly likely why he typically conquered ports along the Niger river. One of his major advancements was the the creation of a bureaucracy. This allowed the Songhai to be a more centralized empire than the previous empires of Ghana and Mali. To help get the Muslim support, Sunni Ali claimed to be a Muslim, though he never truly left the old traditional religions supposedly due to the belief that it was the source of his supernatural powers in battle. In 1492, after a successful conquest, according to some oral traditions, Sunni Ali drowned while crossing the Niger river. Still others refuse to accept this theory, insisting that he died in battle. His reign was from 1464-1492. When Sunni Ali died, one of his sons named Sunni Barou took over. iii Unfortunately, unlike his father, Sunni Barou did not claim to be Muslim but rather embraced the old tradition. This did not go over very well with the Muslim community in the empire. Not long after taking the throne, Sunni Barou was overthrown by a very faithful muslim named Muhammad Ture. Born around 1440, he was a very ruthless Beffa 4 killer. He even want so far as to eliminate the rest of Sunni Alis family members. As for his way of governing, the Islamic religion played a big role. He believed that the spread of islam was very important for two reasons. One, he was a devout muslim and felt that everyone should be. And second, he saw Islam as a way to unify the empire. He organized his own bureaucracy with 10 providences and an administrator for each. This allowed him to rule very effectively over a vast empire. To lower chances of a rebellion, Muhammad Ture would not allow the kings of the conquered to keep their power but instead he would replace them with members of his own family. In 1495, Muhammad decided to make a pilgrimage to Mecca. Unlike other rulers, he was able to leave for long periods of time due to how incredibly stable his government was. After his journey, he felt the need to expand the empire. When Sunni Ali had died, a good number of the states Sunni Ali had conquered had declared independence. It was up to muhammad to reassert the Songhai’s control over these territories. He had no problem with going on an almost continuous military conquest for close to two decades. Like Sunni Ali, Muhammad Ture also expanded the navy. After a military life like that, he was lucky to be around to experience old age. In 1528 Muhammad was so well aged that he had lost the drive to continue the conquests. Also he began to go blind, so his son Farimundyo Musa took over. Farimundyo Musa changed his name to Askia Musa which is where the Askia dynasty comes from. Askia Musa was assassinated in 1531 by one of his brothers. Since Muhammad Ture was Islamic and education is a big part of Islam, Muhammad obviously supported education. The University of Timbuktu was one of the first universities in all of Africa. It attracted many scholars, mainly Islamic. Trade helped bring prosperity to the Songhai Empire as well as these other advances. iv Timbuktu was not only, a major trading spot, but also an educational capital. It had a big effect on the Songhai empire. By conquering this major port early on in the Songhai empires life, it established a sort of foundation. By controlling this port along with a few other key cities, they basically dominated the trans-Saharan trade. Timbuktu Beffa 3 was founded by nomads of the Tuareg in the early 12 th century. In its early days, Timbuktu was thought to be inferior to other major trading ports for trans-Saharan trade such as the cities of Ghana or Walata because they were more impressive. It did not take long to change peoples minds. Timbuktu and its sister city Jenne, which was also soon conquered by the Songhai, were in much better position to the gold field than Walata. Another factor in the rise of timbuktu was the nomad arabs that had been raiding caravans along the western routes. In turn, more people had been taking the eastern routes through Timbuktu. Finally, probably the most signif icant reason timbuktu was such a major port, Timbuktu was on a point where three major trans-Saharan routes went: the Mauritanian, Taghaza salt road, and the route to In Salah by way of Arawan. Two of the most important major imports and exports of the Songhai empire were salt and gold, but other items included slaves, ivory, cotton fabrics, grains, and ostrich feathers. vi To Timbuktu in particular, the major ones were gold, salt, slaves, and kola nuts. The salt came from the salt mines in the Sahara. The gold came from Bure, Bambuk, and Akan. The others, kola nuts and slaves were kinda of wide spread, coming from several p laces and in demand at many more. Naturally as a major trading port, Timbuktu had cultural diffusion. Islamic ideas were passed around especially when Muhammad Ture was in power. vii In 1591 a Moroccan force overthrew the last king of the Songhai empire, thus ending the reign of the greatest western African empire between 1100 and 1600. viii They took the capital at Gao and then moved on to timbuktu. ix It would make sense that trade would be the Songhais forte since when the Mali empire was still in power, the Songhai was a major trading spot at the city of Gao. And the big emphasis on having a great navy would also make sense considering they are located on the Niger river. The major reasons for such an enormous and thriving empire were the well-organized government, combined with outstanding kings, and never having a financial crisis since they conquered cities like Timbuktu and Jenne right from the beginning. Beffa 4 Bibliography Fritze, Ronald. Timbuktu. In World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2004-. Accessed April 16, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. Insoll, Timothy A. â€Å"Trade Empire. † Archeaology 53, no. 6 (november 2000): 48 MAS Ultra-School Edition, Ebscohost (accessed February 5, 2012). Page, Willie F. Encyclopedia of African History and Culture. USA: A Learning Source Book, 2001 William, Oscar. â€Å"Songhai Empire. † In World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABCCLIO, 2004-. Accessed February 5, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abcclio. com/search/display/601432? terms=songhai World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. â€Å"Africa, 3000 BCE-1500 BCE,† ac cessed February 4, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abcclio. com/search/display/588506? terms=medieval+africa+songhai World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Askia dynasty, accessed April 16, 2012. http://ancienthistory. bc-clio. com/. World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Muhammad Ture, accessed April 15, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Sunni Ali, accessed April 8, http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. 2012. i Oscar William. â€Å"Songhai Empire. † In World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC- CLIO, 2004-. Accessed February 5 , 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/search/display/601432? terms=songhai ii World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Sunni Ali, accessed April 15, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. om/. iii World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Sunni Ali,† iv World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Muhammad Ture, accessed April 15, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. v Ronald Fritze. Timbuktu. In World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2004-. Accessed April 16, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. vi World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Muhammad Ture,† vii Fritze viii World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Askia dynasty, accessed April 16, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. ix Fritze

Inserting Foley Catheters and Infection risks involved with them Essay

Inserting Foley Catheters and Infection risks involved with them - Essay Example These considerations are based on evidence based practice (EBP) and associated with reduction of CAUTI risks and incidences in short term indwelling catheter patients. They include; educating staff on catheter management and monitoring of CAUTI incidences on regular basis, programs for prompt removal of catheters, cleansing of urethral meatus using perineal cleansers and maintenance of closed drainage system for urine. Introduction Self actualization is an important aspect of Maslow’s need theory which forms a central part of humanistic philosophy. This theory delineates self actualization which is the driving force behind reaching full potential and tantamount to self fulfillment. When basic and essential needs have been met, an individual moves to become self-actualized through doing what they are supposed to do. In the nursing context, this theory comes to life when nurses initiate the process of patient caring by using curative factors. By exploring self belief and utiliza tion of caring processes, nurses usually achieve self actualization for themselves as well as their clients. In Foley catheter insertion, Maslow’s theory is important in that it allows the application of nurses’ education to cater for the medical needs of their patients. ... Feedback by staff with regards to CAUTI prevention is very important coupled with principles of catheter care (Tenke, Kovacs, Johansen, et al., 2008; Trautner, 2010). Catheter Insertion and Removal There is mixed evidence that prompt programs for the insertion and removal of catheters can lead to reduction of CAUTI. However, a successful program needs to have different elements such as having a multidisciplinary team (nursing and medication). A team to control infection is important for catheter removal after 3-4 days. Besides these two, staffs also need to be educated about feedback of results and prompt removal of catheters (Trautner, 2010). Sterile Insertion of Catheter Evidence suggests that aseptic techniques such as use of sterile gloves, perineal washing and no touch techniques of insertion may very little influence on CAUTI and bacteriuria during or after indwelling catheter insertion. The use of aseptic techniques is often recommended as category II (Tenke, Kovacs, Johansen, et al., 2008; Willson, Wilde, Webb, et al., 2009). Routine Urethral Meatus Care EBP suggests that undertaking of meatal care by use of ointments or antiseptic cleansers should be part of genital and perineal care. Other studies have come with a contrasting opinion that shows the use of antiseptic agents may increase colonization of the meatal by bacteriuria which may increase CAUTI risk (Tenke, Kovacs, Johansen, et al., 2008; Trautner, 2010). Catheter Securement Apparatus Securement devices have little or no influence on development of CAUTI risks. However, further studies and research are needed on ability of securement apparatus to minimize CAUTI risks and urethral trauma (Tenke, Kovacs, Johansen, et al., 2008). Closed